While the following sections describe in detail information associated with the Atlas, two key changes introduced with the 2005 edition of the Atlas must be noted: 1) prior to 2005, procurement data were only reported for contract awards with obligations exceeding $25,000 - as of 2005 all contract dollars are accounted for, and 2) prior to 2005, active duty military strength data for U.S. Navy and Marine Corps Service members were only enumerated for those who were shore-based; members who were not shore-based (afloat) did have their payroll included in the payroll outlay figures for their home port. In areas with significant concentrations of Navy/Marine Corps military personnel such as Norfolk (VA), Virginia Beach (VA), Groton (CT), Jacksonville (FL), Pearl Harbor (HI) and San Diego (CA), the payroll amount shown may have appeared to be excessive for the number of military personnel shown at the location (city/state), when in fact, there were thousands of Service members deployed at sea (afloat), who were not reported in the city/state military personnel count. Beginning with 2005 Service members in afloat status are included in the strength counts of their homeport locations.

BACKGROUND

From 1955 to 1982, the Department of Defense (DoD) published the Map Book of Major Military Installations. This book gave DoD managers a convenient reference to locate major military installations in the United States. In the late 1980's, officials in the Office of the Secretary of Defense suggested that the geography information in the Map Book be combined with the financial and personnel data so that a wide range of information about DoD would be available in a single publication. A prototype of this new book, in 1981, resulted in the first Atlas/State Data Abstract, in 1982, and included geographic, financial, and personnel information for the fifty states. The 1984 edition was expanded to include selected U.S. Territories and Possessions, and the 1986 edition added selected foreign countries. Reporting on Territories and Possessions and foreign countries was discontinued after 1999.

ATLAS

The Atlas/Data Abstract for the United States and Selected Areas includes information on DoD military and civilian work force strength levels, payroll outlays, grants, and prime contracts, by state and the District of Columbia (DC).

In the first set of tables, personnel and expenditure totals are displayed for DoD, Army, Navy and Marine Corps, Air Force, and Other Defense Activities. The personnel part of this set contains a breakdown of active duty military, civilian, and Reserve and National Guard for the fifty states and DC. The expenditures part of this set is broken down by payroll outlays, grants, and prime contracts, and subsets of these categories as applicable.

In the next set of tables, the top ten major locations of expenditures and personnel are shown in descending order. These locations are depicted on the maps on the corresponding facing pages. These tables are not included in the selected foreign countries since location information is not collected.

In the remaining two tables, contract awards for the last seven fiscal years and the top ten contractors are depicted for each state or country.

COVERAGE

The information in the Atlas pertains to the Department of Defense, which includes the Departments of the Army, Navy, Air Force, and the category "Other Defense Activities" (ODA). This category includes the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Inspector General (DoD), U.S. Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces, Defense Agencies and the Defense Field Activities. All information shown is as of September 30, 2006.

PERSONNEL

Personnel data include total active duty military, direct hire civilian, and Reserve and National Guard for the fifty states and DC.

Active Duty Military

The active duty military personnel counts include those based ashore and as of 2005 include those temporarily shore-based and in afloat status. Those members in a transient status are not included. As of September 30, 2006, 45,537 military personnel were excluded based on this category. Reserve/National Guard personnel called to active duty under Title 10, United States Code 12304, are not included in the active duty military personnel counts.

There are a few cases where personnel are reported by the parent installation and shown there instead of their actual operating location. There are also cases where personnel on temporary duty as of September 30, 2006, are reported at the installation where they are temporarily assigned. In using this publication, please be aware that cases such as the foregoing can occur.

Civilian

Included in the Atlas are U.S. citizen and foreign national direct hire civilians. Excluded are all indirect hire civilians and a small number of direct hire civilians formerly exempt from Office of Management and Budget ceiling control, such as Summer Aids, Stay-in-School Program employees, and participants in the Cooperative Education Program. As of September 30, 2006, the excludable strengths for these categories of civilian employees were: 38,025 indirect hire civilians and 4,275 direct hire civilians.

Although personnel assigned to military functions account for more than 96% of the DoD civilian work force, we have included strength data on civilian personnel involved in civil functions of the United States. As of September 30, 2006, there were 22,928 employees of the Army Corps of Engineers, 99 Army cemeterial employees, and one Air Force employee, all assigned to civil functions.

Reserve and National Guard

The Reserve and National Guard personnel figures include only the Ready Reserve, which consists of the Selected Reserve, the Individual Ready Reserve, and the Inactive National Guard. Personnel in the Selected Reserve are distributed to the capital city of the state in which their duty is performed. Personnel in the Individual Ready Reserve and Inactive National Guard are distributed according to capital city of their state of residence.

EXPENDITURES

The expenditures in the Atlas are not all inclusive.

Payroll Outlays

For civilians, active duty military, and reserves, payroll outlays represent the gross earnings of these personnel for services rendered to the Government and cash allowances for benefits. Excluded from these outlays are the employer's share of employee benefits, accrued military retirement benefits, and most of the permanent change of station costs. Payroll outlays for retired military, including reserves, represent the direct compensation to those personnel.

For purposes of this publication, payroll outlays have been allocated, to the best of our ability, to the actual location of the person being compensated. In most cases, the outlays are actual payroll calculations at the location of the personnel being compensated. In some cases, the outlays have been prorated from a central paying office to remote locations. In other cases where it is not possible to prorate, the outlays are reported at the location of the finance office issuing the checks. This could mean, for example, that military and civilian pay for the same installation may be reported at different locations if they are paid by different finance offices. Also, payroll outlays for military personnel who are temporarily shore-based or afloat are reported at their homeport. Therefore, in using this publication, please be aware that anomalies of these types can occur.

Prime Contracts

As of 2005, prime contract awards include obligations for all contract actions that can be distributed to a specific location. Purchase card (credit card) procurement data are not included in the report.

In reporting contract awards, there can be deobligations (credit actions) as well as obligations (debit actions). An example of this would be where a contract had to be terminated. Although rare, this can result in a net credit for a particular location in a given fiscal year, but will be a positive result over time. Net credits are shown as negative amounts. Similarly, the amount of prime contract dollars for a major area of work can exceed the total amount for a given prime contractor. This occurs when there is a large deobligation on another contract for the same contractor.

Prime contracts are generally reported at the location where the work is performed. For example, if a contractor is located in Nevada and wins a construction job in Utah, the contract will be reported in Utah. However, there are exceptions, such as when contract work is performed at various plants or locations, the contract is reported to the location where the largest dollar amount of work will be performed. Another exception is in contracts for transportation and communications services where the place of performance is the location of the contractor's home office. Furthermore, for purchases from wholesale or other distribution firms, the place of performance is the distributor's business address and not the place where the products or goods were manufactured.

Grants

Included under the "Grants" expenditure category, introduced with the 1995 edition of the Atlas, are financial data related to obligations of funds by grants, cooperative agreements, or other nonprocurement instruments. Obligations of any dollar value are listed at the location reported as the place of performance.

MAPS (check the 1999 edition of the Atlas for the last state map updates - no longer current)

The maps are displayed on the facing pages of the statistical tables and show where major payroll, grant, and contract expenditures are incurred and major concentrations of military and civilian personnel are located, or both. Locations are included if they show major expenditures for the current year, or any one year in the past three years. Also included are all major military installations, regardless of expenditures or numbers of personnel, with the exception of public works centers and installations dedicated to reserve activities, unless expenditures or numbers of personnel caused these activities to be listed as major installations. To reduce congestion on the California maps, installations with less than 1,000 military and civilian personnel have been excluded. The maps of foreign countries show selected places for geographical reference only. Expenditure information is reported at the country level and apportionment by place is not possible.

Beginning with the 1993 edition of the Atlas, major military installations within the United States, closed as a result of the base closure review and recommendation process, are shown with their actual closure dates in the following sample format: (6/93-C). Foreign bases are removed from applicable maps when all of their facilities are returned to the host nation.